The demand for agricultural land in the United States continues to grow, not only among farmers but also among investors and first-time buyers looking for sustainable ventures. Whether driven by concerns over food supply, climate adaptation, or rising land values, interest in farmland is shifting.
However, purchasing agricultural property is far more complex than simply finding an open field. Several critical factors will influence the immediate potential and long-term viability of land. Here’s what to know before choosing agricultural land.
Location and Zoning
The land’s location determines more than just convenience. Access to nearby markets, transportation routes, and service providers directly affects how efficiently landowners manage operations. Land in remote areas may offer lower prices, but could increase logistical challenges and transportation costs.
Just as important are local zoning laws. Not all land classified as rural is legally designated for agricultural use. Some parcels fall under residential or mixed-use zoning, limiting what owners can do with the land.
Check with county or municipal authorities for any use restrictions, setbacks, or permits required for agricultural development.
Soil and Drainage
Healthy soil is foundational to successful agriculture. Take the time to conduct a thorough soil analysis before making a purchase. You’ll want to identify pH levels, organic matter content, and the presence of contaminants. Drainage is equally important; waterlogged or compacted soil can restrict crop health and delay planting.
Consider these soil preparation tips for the best soil sample: Clear any surface debris, wait for the right time of year, allow the soil to settle after recent rainfall, and loosen trodden areas. Knowing what lies beneath the surface can help you assess productivity needs and necessary improvements.
Water Access and Rights
Water availability has become a central issue in U.S. agriculture, particularly in drought-prone states. In areas like California and Arizona, water rights determine whether land is workable at all. Even in wetter regions, consistent access to water, whether through natural sources or irrigation, is essential.
It’s critical to verify existing water rights or permits associated with the land. Don’t assume wells or nearby bodies of water are available. Confirm with local water management districts or utility agencies.
Topography and Climate
The shape and elevation of the land can affect erosion, drainage, and ease of use. Sloped terrain may reduce usable acreage or limit the types of equipment that you can operate safely. At the same time, certain slopes may help with runoff or drainage, depending on the intended crop.
Climate should also guide your decision. As weather patterns shift across the U.S., some regions are experiencing changes in planting seasons, rainfall, and pest migration. Investigate average frost dates, temperature fluctuations, and USDA hardiness zones before selecting land.
Make a Sustainable Choice
Short-term yield potential is only part of the equation. Consider its ability to support crops or livestock sustainably over time when purchasing land, including evaluating the land’s natural resilience, conservation practices, and your capacity to maintain its health.
If you’re serious about investing in your future, this is what to know before choosing agricultural land.
